10 Facts About the Mark 48: The Navy’s Deadliest Torpedo

The Mark 48 (MK-48) Torpedo stands out as one of the U.S. Navy’s most powerful weapons. Designed to hunt down submarines and enemy ships, this advanced torpedo has a long history and impressive capabilities. 

From its design and features to its role in modern naval operations, these interesting facts bring to light why the Mark 48 is considered the Navy’s deadliest underwater weapon.

1. Advanced Heavyweight Torpedo 

Carried by all Navy submarines, the Mark 48 Torpedo is an advanced heavyweight weapon created specifically to target submarines and surface ships. (ref) As a heavyweight torpedo, it has a large size and power, making it more effective against enemy vessels. 

Its design incorporates sophisticated technology that helps it detect and track underwater targets, ensuring it can engage effectively in various combat situations.

2. Developed by the U.S. Navy

Initially developed as the REsearch TORpedo Concept II (RETORC II), one of several weapons proposed by Project Nobska, a submarine warfare study for the U.S. Navy conducted in 1956, the Mark 48 Torpedo was set to replace older models and adapt to new naval warfare needs.

After years of testing and improvements, the torpedo officially entered service in 1983. This timeline reflects the Navy’s commitment to maintaining a strong underwater defense capability during the Cold War and beyond.

3. Torpedo Measures 19 Feet & a Diameter of 21 Inches

In terms of size, the Mark 48 Torpedo measures about 19 feet long, which is roughly the length of a small car. Its diameter is 21 inches, making it a substantial weapon. (ref) 

This size allows it to carry a larger warhead and advanced technology, helping it to be more effective in combat situations.

4. Weighs about 3,744 Pounds When Fully Equipped

When fully equipped, the Mark 48 Torpedo weighs around 3,744 pounds.(ref) This heavy weight is essential for giving the torpedo the necessary momentum and impact when it hits a target. 

It also allows the torpedo to carry a powerful explosive payload, increasing its lethality against enemy ships and submarines.

5. Can Be Launched from Various Platforms 

One of the biggest advantages of the Mark 48 Torpedo is its versatility. It can be launched from different platforms, including submarines and surface ships. 

This means that both underwater and surface vessels can use the torpedo, giving the U.S. Navy flexibility in how it conducts operations. Submarines can launch it while remaining hidden underwater, while surface ships can engage targets at a distance, enhancing their combat effectiveness.

6. Range of up to 31 Miles at High Speed

Jane’s Naval Forces has estimated its maximum operating depth at about 2,625 feet and states that it has a range of up to 31 miles and a maximum speed of 63 miles per hour. This means it can travel a long distance before reaching its target. (ref)

When launched at high speed, the torpedo can cover this distance quickly, making it harder for enemies to detect and evade it. This long range allows the U.S. Navy to engage threats from a safe distance, keeping their submarines and ships protected.

7. Powered by a Thermal Battery Propulsion System

Powered by a thermal battery propulsion system, the Mark 48 Torpedo uses a special type of battery that generates heat to create energy. This propulsion system allows the torpedo to move smoothly and silently underwater. 

By using this technology, the torpedo can run for a long time without needing to be recharged or refueled, making it effective for extended missions.

8. State-of-the-Art Guidance System

The torpedo features a state-of-the-art guidance system, which is one of its most important aspects. This system helps the Mark 48 find its target accurately. It uses both active and passive sonar, which are methods of detecting sound waves underwater. 

The active sonar sends out sound waves to locate targets, while the passive sonar listens for sounds made by enemy submarines or ships. Plus, its upgraded Advanced Capability (ADCAP) torpedoes can be controlled from a submarine using wires connected to the torpedo.

9. Carries a High-Explosive Warhead

What makes it a lethal weapon is its high-explosive warhead that’s designed to cause considerable damage upon impact. Depending on the mission, the warhead can be configured in different ways to suit various targets, whether they are submarines or surface vessels. 

The strength of the warhead contributes to the torpedo’s reputation as one of the deadliest underwater weapons in the U.S. Navy’s arsenal.

10. Currently in Service as Part of the U.S. Navy’s Submarine Fleet

Today, the Mark 48 Torpedo is still in service and plays a crucial role in the U.S. Navy’s submarine fleet. It has been continuously updated with the latest technology to ensure it meets modern threats. 

As part of the Navy’s arsenal, it helps maintain national security and protect against potential adversaries. The newest version of the MK 48 is the MK 48 Mod 7 Common Broadband Advanced Sonar System (CBASS). (ref)

It has improved abilities for use in shallow waters near coastlines and in harbors, as well as in deep ocean waters.

With its advanced technology, impressive range, and ability to target enemy submarines and ships, it helps to see why it is considered one of the Navy’s deadliest weapons.