The USS Valley Forge (CV/CVA/CVS-45, LPH-8) is celebrated as a model of naval innovation and excellence. Launched in 1945¹, this Essex-class carrier was not just a formidable vessel in combat but a pioneer in military tactics and technology.
Here are 10 impressive ways the Valley Forge shaped naval history and continues to inspire today.
1. New Way to Attack from Above with Helicopters
The USS Valley Forge was a pioneer in using helicopters for military operations. This ship allowed for a new approach to naval warfare by launching helicopters from its newly designed flight deck, which gave the Navy a huge advantage in attacking targets from above.
Helicopters could cover more ground and reach places that traditional aircraft couldn’t, making the Valley Forge an asset during its deployments, especially in the Korean and Vietnam Wars.
2. First Helicopter Assault from a Ship
One of the USS Valley Forge’s most noteworthy achievements was conducting the first helicopter assault from a ship in 1951.
This event demonstrated the effectiveness of using helicopters for amphibious assaults. It showed how helicopters could transport troops and supplies directly into combat zones, reducing the need for lengthy beach landings.
3. Used Steam Catapult Technology
Steam catapults use high-pressure steam to propel a piston that launches an aircraft. When the steam is released, it pushes the piston down a track, and the aircraft is pulled along until it reaches the end of the catapult, where it is launched into the air.
The USS Valley Forge was one of the first ships equipped with a steam catapult, allowing it to launch heavier and more advanced aircraft than earlier ships.
4. Transformed from Attack Carrier to Amphibious Assault Ship
Originally classified as an attack aircraft carrier (CV-45), the Valley Forge underwent several transformations throughout its service. By the 1960s, it was re-designated as an amphibious assault ship (LPH-8).
This change reflected a shift in naval strategy, focusing on supporting Marine Corps operations with helicopters. The ship was equipped to transport and deploy Marines quickly, making it a versatile component of the Navy’s fleet.
5. Recovered a Capsule from the Ocean through Project Mercury
In December 1960, the USS Valley Forge helped NASA’s Project Mercury in recovering a capsule from the ocean after it completed its mission.
This involvement marked the ship’s adaptability beyond military operations, which showcased its ability to support significant scientific endeavors like the early days of space exploration.
6. Mixed Jet & Propeller Planes for Better Air Operations
The USS Valley Forge was notable for operating a mix of jet and propeller-driven aircraft. This approach allowed the carrier to maximize its air operations. For example, during its combat missions, the carrier used F4U Corsairs (propeller planes) alongside F9F Panthers (jets).
This combination provided flexibility in handling different types of missions—jets were faster and better for air-to-air combat, while propeller planes were effective for ground attack missions.
7. Created Task Group Alpha to Fight Submarines
The Valley Forge was involved in creating Task Group Alpha, specifically designed to combat submarine threats. This task group included various ships and aircraft to enhance anti-submarine warfare capabilities.
By combining efforts and resources, they aimed to effectively detect and engage enemy submarines, which were a significant risk during naval operations.
8. Used Helicopters for Medical Help in Vietnam
In Vietnam, the USS Valley Forge also played a crucial role in medical evacuations. Helicopters operated from the carrier were used to transport injured soldiers from the battlefield to medical facilities.
This rapid medical response was vital, as it saved many lives and provided immediate care to the wounded.
9. Supported Operation “Fortress Ridge” with Supplies & Services
The USS Valley Forge supported Operation “Fortress Ridge,” which involved a range of supply and service missions.
The carrier delivered necessary supplies, including ammunition and food, to troops on the ground. This logistical support was essential for maintaining operations and ensuring that the troops were well-equipped to carry out their missions.
10. Improved Naval Warfare through Research & Development Efforts
The Valley Forge was not just a combat ship; it also contributed to improving naval warfare through research and development.
The ship participated in trials for new technologies and tactics, helping to enhance the effectiveness of naval operations. This commitment to innovation ensured that the U.S. Navy could adapt to new threats and challenges.
You can see how the Valley Forge embodies the spirit of innovation, bravery, and dedication that defines the U.S. Navy. Its story continues to inspire future generations.
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Nancy Maffia
Nancy received a bachelor’s in biology from Elmira College and a master’s degree in horticulture and communications from the University of Kentucky. Worked in plant taxonomy at the University of Florida and the L. H. Bailey Hortorium at Cornell University, and wrote and edited gardening books at Rodale Press in Emmaus, PA. Her interests are plant identification, gardening, hiking, and reading.
