2,000-Year-Old Sarcophagus Yields Startling Discovery in Naples Tomb

Archaeologists investigating the “Tomb of Cerberus” in Giugliano, Naples have unsealed a 2,000-year-old sarcophagus containing an incredibly well-preserved mummy.¹ 

The find is providing an unprecedented glimpse into ancient Roman burial practices and the lives of those who once called this region home.

Mummy Found in Excellent Condition

When archaeologists first peered inside the sealed sarcophagus using microcameras, they were amazed to find the “supine inhumed” body of an individual in an “excellent state of conservation”.

The unique climatic conditions within the burial chamber likely contributed to the mineralization of the shroud, aiding in the mummy’s preservation.

Further analysis of the shroud’s fabric is underway to determine its structure, yarn type, and quality, which could yield additional social and cultural insights about the deceased. DNA testing is also being conducted to learn more about the individual and their potential familial connections.

Tomb Filled with Valuable Artifacts

Alongside the mummy, the tomb contained a trove of valuable artifacts, including:

• Ointment jars (unguentaria)
• Body-cleaning tools (strigils) used in ancient Roman burial rituals

The rich nature of these finds, coupled with the care given to the deceased, suggests the mummy likely belongs to the founder of the family for whom the mausoleum was built. 

These objects are providing researchers with a considerable amount of data regarding the treatment of the deceased’s body and the funerary rituals practiced in ancient times, significantly expanding our understanding of the past.

Stunning Frescoes & Ancient Embalming Secrets

The Tomb of Cerberus earned its name due to the vivid frescoes depicting the three-headed guardian of the underworld that adorn its walls.^(ref) These frescoes, found in an exceptional state of conservation, also feature ichthyocentaurs holding a shield, likely symbolizing Rome’s naval victories and the establishment of the nearby maritime colony at Liternum.

The tomb’s side walls showcase beautiful festoon decorations reminiscent of the real garlands used during ancient funerals. The impeccable preservation of these frescoes is offering researchers an unparalleled opportunity to study ancient Roman art and symbolism.

Pollen Analysis Reveals Embalming Techniques

Pollen analysis of the bottles discovered within the tomb indicates that the mummy may have been treated with creams containing:

• Chenopodium (goosefoot)
• Absinthe

These substances would have aided in the mummy’s preservation, shedding new light on the embalming techniques employed by ancient Romans. 

As researchers continue to analyze the organic substances found within the sarcophagus, they hope to uncover more details about the specific methods used to prepare the body for burial and the significance of the various plants and herbs utilized in the process.

Interdisciplinary Research Unravels the Past

The necropolis in which the Tomb of Cerberus was discovered is known to contain important ancient burials, many of which date back to the Roman Republic and the Roman Imperial Age. The tomb itself is estimated to have been created between 194 BC and 27 AD, suggesting the deceased was likely a wealthy Roman, possibly a veteran who received land in the area as a reward for their service.

As more information emerges from this tomb and the surrounding necropolis, researchers hope to piece together a clearer picture of the social and cultural landscape of ancient Naples.

Discovery Highlights the Importance of Collaborative Efforts

The excavation and analysis of the Tomb of Cerberus represent a massive interdisciplinary effort, bringing together the expertise of archaeologists, technicians, anthropologists, chemists, and paleobotanists. Each specialist contributes unique insights and data that are helping to unravel the secrets of this fascinating site.

The collaborative nature of this research highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in the field of archaeology. By combining the knowledge and skills of experts from various disciplines, we can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the past and the people who shaped it.

As the investigation into the Tomb of Cerberus continues, one thing is certain: this remarkable discovery is sure to captivate the imagination and provide valuable insights into the lives and deaths of those who once called ancient Naples home.

Source:
1. livescience.com