Could the solution to one of the world’s most pressing environmental problems lie in microbes? New research suggests that it might.
Scientists have discovered that certain microbes hold the key to break down “forever chemicals,” the notoriously persistent pollutants that have infiltrated our water, soil, and even our bodies.1
Here are more details about the study’s findings.
What are Forever Chemicals?
Forever chemicals, also known as PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), are a group of over 10,000 synthetic chemicals that have become ubiquitous in modern life due to their unique properties. They are resistant to heat, water, and oil, making them valuable in a wide range of products like nonstick cookware, waterproof clothing, stain-resistant fabrics, and firefighting foam.
However, their persistence and widespread use have led to significant environmental and health concerns. The very characteristics that make them useful also make them incredibly difficult to break down.
They can persist in the environment for thousands of years, earning them the nickname “forever chemicals.”
Removing PFAS in Water with Bacteria
PFAS have been detected in water sources, soil, and even wildlife around the globe, including in remote areas like the Arctic. Their presence in drinking water is a major concern, as even low levels of exposure have been linked to various health problems.
In response, the U.S Environmental protection Agency (EPA) has recently implemented stringent regulations, limiting the concentration of certain PFAS compounds in tap water to a mere four parts per trillion. This landmark decision has spurred water providers to urgently seek effective solutions to remove PFAS and ensure the safety of drinking water supplies.(ref)
The Bacteria That Can Combat PFAS
Acetobacterium bacteria, a common inhabitant of wastewater environments globally, has demonstrated a remarkable capacity to break the notoriously stubborn chemical bonds found in PFAS.
This discovery was revealed in a study by the UCR research team, published in the esteemed journal Science Advances. Lead author Yujie Men stated, “This is the first bacterium identified with the ability to perform reductive defluorination of PFAS structures.”
Men noted a limitation: these bacteria are currently effective only on unsaturated PFAS compounds, those containing double carbon-to-carbon bonds.
PFAS Cleanup
The success in using bacteria to neutralize PFAS has ignited a new wave of research into these resilient microorganisms to combat other persistent environmental pollutants.
This breakthrough addresses the challenges posed by substances like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins. PCBs, once widely used in industrial applications, are infamous for their resistance to natural degradation and pose risks to both human health and ecosystems.(ref)
Likewise, dioxins, unintended byproducts of industrial processes, are highly toxic and have been linked to severe health consequences, including cancer and reproductive problems.(ref)
Relentless Pursuit of Solutions
Building on the success of Acetobacterium’s PFAS-degrading capabilities, research teams across the globe are actively investigating other microbial strains that could prove instrumental in tackling persistent pollutants like PCBs and dioxins.
By understanding how microbes break down harmful chemicals, scientists aim to develop eco-friendly solutions for cleaning polluted areas. This merging of microbiology and environmental science offers hope for a future where microbes play a key role in restoring clean water.
Men’s research doesn’t stop at merely identifying bacteria and their PFAS-degrading enzymes. She has been actively engaged in the fight against PFAS pollution.
Last year, her team identified other microorganisms capable of cleaving the carbon-fluorine bond in fluorinated PFAS compounds, effectively destroying these pollutants.(ref)
The discovery of Acetobacterium’s PFAS-degrading ability expands the tools available for bioremediation. As chemicals pose both benefits and risks, Men’s ongoing research highlights the need for innovative solutions to tackle hidden environmental threats.
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Martha A. Lavallie
Martha is a journalist with close to a decade of experience in uncovering and reporting on the most compelling stories of our time. Passionate about staying ahead of the curve, she specializes in shedding light on trending topics and captivating global narratives. Her insightful articles have garnered acclaim, making her a trusted voice in today's dynamic media landscape.